Acetonitrile, abbreviated as ACN, is the simplest organic nitrile, usually also called methane cyanide and methyl nitrile. It is a colorless and transparent liquid at room temperature. It is highly volatile and has a special Chemicalbook smell similar to ether. It is flammable and burns with There is a bright flame. Miscible with water, methanol, carbon tetrachloride, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, dichloroethane and many unsaturated hydrocarbon solvents.

Acetonitrile Chemical Properties

CAS No. 75-05-8

Molecular formulaC2H3N

Molecular weight 41.05

EINECS No. 200-835-2

Melting point -45°C (lit.)

Boiling point 81-82°C (lit.)

Density 0.786g/mL at 25°C (lit.)

Vapor density 1.41 (vsair)

Vapor pressure 72.8mmHg (20°ChemicalbookC)

Refractive index n20/D1 .344(lit.)

Flash point 48°F

Storage conditions Storeat+5°Cto+30°C.

Solubility Soluble in organic solvents

Acidity coefficient (pKa) 25 (at25°C)

Form liquid

Acetonitrile has excellent solvent properties and is an important organic intermediate. In synthesis, ACN is often used as a reaction solvent. It is a polar aprotic solvent and has a solvent effect similar to DMF or DMSO; acetonitrile has a relatively low boiling point and is easy to remove. Solvent is the biggest use of acetonitrile. It can be used as a solvent for the synthesis of vitamin A, cortisone, carbon amine drugs and their intermediates. It is also used as an active medium solvent for the manufacture of vitamin B1 and amino acids. Can replace chlorinated solvents. Used in vinyl coatings, also used as an extractant of fatty acids, alcohol denaturant, butadiene extractant and solvent for acrylonitrile synthetic fibers. It also has many uses in fabric dyeing, lighting industry, perfume manufacturing and photosensitive material manufacturing.

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