Fine chemical industry involves new materials, functional materials, medicine and medicine intermediates, pesticide and pesticide intermediates, food additives, beverage additives, flavors and flavors, pigments, cosmetics and daily chemical industries, which play a very important role in improving people’s living standards and quality.Every industry has its own characteristics. To understand and master the characteristics of fine chemical industry is the basis for the safe and healthy development of the industry, and the key for enterprises to carry out risk analysis and control of chemical process and improve the essential safety of enterprises.

1、The materials used in fine chemical production process are very harmful.The vast majority of the materials involve class A, B, A, highly toxic, highly toxic, strong corrosion, wet inflammable materials, and there are risks of fire, explosion, poisoning and so on.In addition, there are “more than four” operating processes, that is, there are many types of materials entering the reactor (reactants, products, solutions, extractants, etc.), many phase states (gas, liquid, solid), many times of equipment opening feeding, and many times of equipment opening sampling during production.

2、The automatic control system is not used well and can not realize the automatic control completely.Although the enterprise has set interlocks according to the safety control requirements of dangerous chemical process under key supervision, there are many manual feeding in the operation process, and the feeding hole needs to be opened when feeding. The sealing property is poor, and harmful materials are easy to volatiliize out of the kettle.Control instrument selection is not reasonable, the operator is unwilling to use or can not use, the automatic control system is useless;The interlock valve of the reactor cooling system is generally in the state of bypass, which leads to the mutual series of chilled water, cooling water and steam.Lack of instrument talents, lack of automatic control system management, unreasonable setting of alarm and interlock value, or random change of alarm and interlock value, operators ignore the importance of alarm and interlock control.

3、Intermittent mode of production in the majority.A kettle is used for many purposes. A device should complete multiple unit operations, such as reaction (multiple times), extraction, washing, stratification, rectification and so on.There are strict requirements on the execution sequence and duration of operation steps, but there is often a lack of effective control. Operation and production are like cooking by chefs, which are all based on experience.After the reaction of one kettle, lower the temperature, release the material, and remix the heating reaction.Most of the discharging and discharging USES belt pressing and manual operation, which will lead to accidents due to human misoperation in this process.In the production process of fine chemical reaction, a large amount of low-flash flammable liquids such as methanol and acetone are often added as solvents. The existence of flammable organic solvents increases the risk of the reaction process.

4、The process changes quickly and the reaction steps are many.There is the phenomenon of research and development, production, product upgrading and replacement fast;Some dangerous processes are divided into several stages of reaction. The feeding hole should be opened at the beginning of feeding. When the reaction reaches a certain degree, the feeding hole should be closed again.

5、Due to technical confidentiality, there is little training in process operation.Causes the operation technique multifarious, forms “each village has each village’s brilliant move, the individual has the individual’s knack”.There are many side effects in fine chemical industry. Due to inadequate training and unstable operation parameter control, solid waste and liquid waste stocks are large, making hazardous waste warehouse a risk point that needs to be controlled and controlled.

6、Equipment updates quickly.Equipment corrosion is serious due to the nature of materials used;The operating temperature and pressure change dramatically (there are three heat exchange mediums, namely frozen water, cooling water and steam, in a reactor. Generally, a production process can change from -15 ℃ to 120℃.The fine (distillation) distillation is close to the absolute vacuum, and can reach 0.3MpaG in the compacting), and the equipment management and maintenance links are weak, leading to more special operations.

7、The layout of fine chemical enterprises is mostly unreasonable.The installation, tank farm and warehouse are not arranged according to the principle of “unified planning and step-by-step implementation” in the chemical industry.Fine chemical enterprise mostly according to the market or product construction device or equipment, use the factory existing space arrangement, enterprise factory layout confusion, not fully consider the health protection and environmental protection requirements, not according to the factory of terrain features, chemical products production engineering characteristic and the function of all kinds of buildings, reasonable layout, unreasonable cause functional partition, process not unobstructed, is not conducive to production, it is not convenient for management.

8、Safety relief systems are often designed haphazardly.The risk of fire after discharge of inflammable and explosive hazardous materials is easy to be caused by chemical reaction or the formation of explosive mixture into the same treatment system. However, the enterprise rarely evaluates and analyzes this risk.

9、The layout of the equipment inside the factory building is compact, and there are many external equipment outside the factory building.The workers in the workshop are relatively clustered, and even the operation room and recording desk are set in the workshop. Once an accident occurs, it is easy to cause mass death and mass injury accidents.The dangerous processes involved are mainly sulfonation, chlorination, oxidation, hydrogenation, nitrification and fluorination reactions. Especially, the processes of chlorination, nitrification, oxidation and hydrogenation have high risks. Once out of control, they will cause poisoning and explosion risk.Due to the spacing requirement, enterprises do not set up tank farm, but set up more intermediate tank and exhaust treatment system outside the plant, which is easy to cause secondary fire or explosion.

10、The turnover of employees is fast and the quality is relatively low.Some enterprises do not pay attention to occupational health protection, operating environment is poor, the active movement of personnel.Many enterprise employees are “put down the hoe, become workers,” not to mention high school or above, junior high school graduation is already very rare.In recent years, some enterprises do not pay attention to safety and environmental protection management, resulting in frequent accidents, people have a “demonized” feeling of fine chemical industry, especially private fine chemical industry, college and technical secondary school graduates are reluctant to enter this industry, which hinders the safety development of this industry.
Fine chemical industry is closely related to people’s life. Without fine chemical industry, our life will lose its color. We should pay attention to, support and guide the safe and healthy development of fine chemical industry.