N, N-Dimethylformamide CAS 68-12-2
Intshayelelo yemveliso
I-Dimethylformamide ibizwa ngokuba yi-DMF. Yikhompawundi apho iqela le-hydroxyl le-asidi ye-formic ithathelwa indawo yiqela le-dimethylamino, kunye ne-molecular formula HCON (CH3) 2. Lulwelo olungenambala noluselubala oluphezulu olubilisayo olunevumba le-amine elikhanyayo kunye noxinzelelo olumalunga ne-0.9445 (25℃). Indawo yokunyibilika -61℃. Indawo yokubilisa 152.8℃. Indawo edanyazayo 57.78℃. Ukuxinana komphunga 2.51. Uxinzelelo lomphunga 0.49kpa (3.7mmHg25℃). Indawo yokuziqhelanisa yi-445℃. Umda wokudubula komphunga nomoya yi-2.2 ~ 15.2%. Ukutyhileka kumadangatye avulekileyo kunye nobushushu obuphezulu kunokubangela ukutsha kunye nogqabhuko-dubulo. Inokusabela ngobundlobongela kunye ne-asidi ye-sulfuric egxininisiweyo kunye ne-asidi ye-nitric evuthayo kwaye ide iqhume. Iyaxubana namanzi kunye nezinyibilikisi ezininzi ze-organic Chemicalbook. Sisinyibilikisi esixhaphakileyo sokwenza imichiza. I-dimethylformamide ecocekileyo ayinayo ivumba, kodwa ibakala leshishini okanye i-dimethylformamide eyonakeleyo inevumba lentlanzi kuba iqulethe ukungcola kwe-dimethylamine. Eli gama livela kwinto yokuba liyi-dimethyl endaweni ye-formamide (i-amide ye-asidi ye-formic), kwaye omabini amaqela e-methyl abekwe kwi-atom ye-N (nitrogen). I-Dimethylformamide i-polar (i-hydrophilic) i-solvent ye-aprotic enendawo yokubilisa ephezulu, enokukhuthaza indlela yokuphendula ye-SN2. I-Dimethylformamide yenziwe nge-asidi ye-formic kunye ne-dimethylamine. I-Dimethylformamide ayizinzile (ingakumbi kumaqondo okushisa aphezulu) phambi kweziseko ezinamandla ezifana ne-sodium hydroxide okanye i-acids eqinile njenge-hydrochloric acid okanye i-sulfuric acid, kunye ne-hydrolyzes kwi-formic acid kunye ne-dimethylamine.
Izinzile kakhulu emoyeni kwaye xa ifudunyezwa ukubilisa. Xa iqondo lobushushu lingaphezulu kwe-350°C, lilahlekelwa ngamanzi kwaye livelise i-carbon monoxide kunye ne-dimethylamine. I-N, i-N-dimethylformamide sisinyibilikisi se-aprotic esihle kakhulu esinokunyibilikisa izinto ezininzi eziphilayo kunye ne-inorganic kwaye zixutywa ngamanzi, i-alcohols, i-aldehydes, i-ketones, i-esters, i-halogenated hydrocarbons kunye ne-hydrocarbons enuka kamnandi. . Isiphelo esichajiwe kakuhle se-N, N-dimethylformamide molekyuli sijikelezwe ngamaqela e-methyl, senza umqobo we-Chemicalbook wesithuba esithintela ii-ion ezingalunganga ukuba zisondele kwaye zidibanise kuphela ii-ion ezintle. Iianion ezingenanto zisebenza kakhulu kunee-anion ezisonjululweyo. Iimpendulo ezininzi ze-ionic kulula ukuzisebenzisa kwi-N,N-dimethylformamide kunezinyibilikisi zeprotic ngokubanzi. Ngokomzekelo, ii-carboxylates kunye ne-halogenated hydrocarbons zisabela kwi-N, N-dimethylformamide kwiqondo lokushisa. , inokuvelisa i-esters kunye nezivuno eziphezulu, kwaye ilungele ngokukodwa ukuhlanganiswa kwee-esters ezithintelwe ngokungqongqo.
Indawo yosetyenziso
I-Dimethylformamide lulwelo olungenambala noluselubala. Ayisiyo kuphela imveliso yeekhemikhali esetyenziswa ngokubanzi, kodwa kunye ne-solvent egqwesileyo enoluhlu olubanzi losetyenziso. I-Dimethylformamide yinto ebalulekileyo ekrwada kwi-pharmaceutical, petrochemical, isikhumba kunye namanye amashishini.
Inkcazo yokwakha
N, N-Dimethylformamide
I-CAS 68-12-2
I-CBNumber: CB2854115
Ifomula yemolekyuli: C3H7NO
Ubunzima bemolekyuli 73.09
Indawo yokunyibilika: -61°C (lit.)
Ukujikeleza okuthe ngqo: 0.94º
Indawo yokubila: 153°C (lit.)
Ubuninzi: 0.944g/mL (lit.) V
apor Chemicalbook Umphunga ingxinano: 2.5 (vsair)
Uxinzelelo lomphunga: 2.7mmHg ( 20 ° C) Isalathiso seRefractive: n20/D1.430(lit.)
Indawo edanyazayo: 136°
Ukugcinwa kunye nokuthutha
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